Quinine 130-95-0 MFCD00198096
Quinine was the first effective treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, appearing in therapeutics in the 17th century. It remained the antimalarial drug of choice until the 1940s, when other drugs replaced it that have less unpleasant side effects. Since then, many effective antimalarials have been introduced, although quinine is still used to treat the disease in certain critical circumstances, such as severe malaria, and in impoverished regions due to its low cost. Quinine is available with a prescription in the United States and over-the-counter, in very small quantities, in tonic water. Quinine is also used to treat lupus and arthritis. Quinine was also frequently prescribed in the U.S. as an "off-label" treatment for nocturnal leg cramps, but this has since been prohibited, in effect, by an FDA statement warning against the practice.
Quinine is used alone or with other medications to treat malaria (a serious or life-threatening illness that is spread by mosquitos in certain parts of the world). Quinine should not be used to prevent malaria. Quinine is in a class of medications called antimalarials. It works by killing the organisms that cause malaria.
Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate 22767-50-6 MFCD00007543
D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride 1772-03-8 MFCD00135830
3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride monohydrate 38894-11-0 MFCD00149370
2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride 298-96-4 MFCD00011963
Propylthiouracil 51-52-5 MFCD00006041
Propylthiouracil (PTU) or 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is a thiouracil-derived drug used to treat hyperthyroidism (including Graves' disease) by decreasing the amount of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland.Its notable side effects include a risk of agranulocytosis.
On 3 June 2009, the FDA published an alert "notifying healthcare professionals of the risk of serious liver injury, including liver failure and death, with the use of propylthiouracil." As a result, propylthiouracil is no longer recommended in non-pregnant adults and in children as the front line antithyroid medication.
Company Name: ShangHai LanJi Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Tel: 021-56373608
Fax: 021-66107288
Email: liujun@lanji.cn
WebSite: http://www.lanji.cn/
http://www.chemicalbook.com/ShowSupplierProductsList12114/0_EN.htm
2012年7月19日星期四
Quinidine | 56-54-2
Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent (Ia) in the heart. It is a stereoisomer of quinine, originally derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. The drug causes increased action potential duration, and well as an prolonged QT interval.
Quinidine 56-54-2 MFCD00135581
like all other class I antiarrhythmic agents, quinidine primarily works by blocking the fast inward sodium current (INa). Quinidine's effect on INa is known as a use dependent block. This means that at higher heart rates, the block increases, while at lower heart rates the block decreases. The effect of blocking the fast inward sodium current causes the phase 0 depolarization of the cardiac action potential to decrease (decreased Vmax).
Quinidine also blocks the slowly inactivating tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na current, the slow inward calcium current (ICa), the rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) components of the delayed potassium rectifier current, the inward potassium rectifier current (IKI), the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (IKATP) and Ito.
At micromolar concentrations, quinidine inhibits Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase by binding to the same receptor sites as the digitalis glycosides such as ouabain.
The effect of quinidine on the ion channels is to prolong the cardiac action potential, thereby prolonging the QT interval on the surface ECG.
Other ECG effects include a wide notched P wave, wide QRS complex, depressed ST segment, and U waves. These are the results of both slowed depolarization and repolarization.
Company Name: ShangHai LanJi Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Tel: 021-56373608
Fax: 021-66107288
Email: liujun@lanji.cn
WebSite: http://www.lanji.cn/
http://www.chemicalbook.com/ShowSupplierProductsList12114/0_EN.htm
Quinidine 56-54-2 MFCD00135581
like all other class I antiarrhythmic agents, quinidine primarily works by blocking the fast inward sodium current (INa). Quinidine's effect on INa is known as a use dependent block. This means that at higher heart rates, the block increases, while at lower heart rates the block decreases. The effect of blocking the fast inward sodium current causes the phase 0 depolarization of the cardiac action potential to decrease (decreased Vmax).
Quinidine also blocks the slowly inactivating tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na current, the slow inward calcium current (ICa), the rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) components of the delayed potassium rectifier current, the inward potassium rectifier current (IKI), the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (IKATP) and Ito.
At micromolar concentrations, quinidine inhibits Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase by binding to the same receptor sites as the digitalis glycosides such as ouabain.
The effect of quinidine on the ion channels is to prolong the cardiac action potential, thereby prolonging the QT interval on the surface ECG.
Other ECG effects include a wide notched P wave, wide QRS complex, depressed ST segment, and U waves. These are the results of both slowed depolarization and repolarization.
Company Name: ShangHai LanJi Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Tel: 021-56373608
Fax: 021-66107288
Email: liujun@lanji.cn
WebSite: http://www.lanji.cn/
http://www.chemicalbook.com/ShowSupplierProductsList12114/0_EN.htm
MELIBIOSE | 585-99-9
MELIBIOSE 585-99-9 MFCD00168065
Melibiose is a reducing disaccharide formed by an alpha-1,6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-α(1→6)-D-Glc). It can be formed by invertase mediated hydrolysis of raffinose, which produces melibiose and fructose. Melibiose can be broken down into its component saccharides, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme Alpha-galactosidase.
melibiose
D-Gal-alpha1->6D-Glucose
6-O-(alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose
C05402
Melibiose is a reducing disaccharide formed by an alpha-1,6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-α(1→6)-D-Glc). It can be formed by invertase mediated hydrolysis of raffinose, which produces melibiose and fructose. Melibiose can be broken down into its component saccharides, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme Alpha-galactosidase.
melibiose
D-Gal-alpha1->6D-Glucose
6-O-(alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose
C05402
Cinchonidine | 485-71-2 | 62758-13-8
Cinchonidine 485-71-2 MFCD00006783
Cinchonidine is an alkaloid used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. It is a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonine.
Formula: C19H22N2O
Molecular weight: 294.3908
Janus Green B 2869-83-2 MFCD00011337
Resazurin sodium salt 62758-13-8 MFCD00005036
Widely used for measuring cell cytotoxicity, proliferation and mitochondrial metabolic activity in isolated neural tissue; also used for measuring dehydrogenase activity
Storage -20°C desiccated and protected from light
References Donato MT, et al. (2004). Fluorescence-based assays for screening nine cytochrome P450 (P450) activities in intact cells expressing individual human P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 32, 699-706, Liu J, et al. (2004). The effect of reciprocal active site mutations in human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 on alkoxyresorufin metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 424, 33-43, Chougnet A, et al. (2003). Design and synthesis of a new fluorescent probe for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13, 3643-5, Dunn AR, et al. (2002). Fluorescent probes for cytochrome P450 structural characterization and inhibitor screening. J Am Chem Soc 124, 10254-5, Nakamura K, et al. (2001). Coumarin substrates for cytochrome P450 2D6 fluorescence assays. Anal Biochem 292, 280-6, Thapliyal R and Maru GB (2001). Inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes by curcumins in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 39, 541-7, Roser R and Thomas H (2000). A direct, highly sensitive fluorimetric assay for a microsomal cytochrome P450-mediated O-demethylation using a novel coumarin analog as substrate. Z Naturforsch [C] 55, 915-22, Kobayashi Y, et al. (1998). Probing the active site of cytochrome P450 2B1: metabolism of 7-alkoxycoumarins by the wild type and five site-directed mutants. Biochemistry 37, 6679-88.
Cinchonidine is an alkaloid used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. It is a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonine.
Formula: C19H22N2O
Molecular weight: 294.3908
Janus Green B 2869-83-2 MFCD00011337
Resazurin sodium salt 62758-13-8 MFCD00005036
Widely used for measuring cell cytotoxicity, proliferation and mitochondrial metabolic activity in isolated neural tissue; also used for measuring dehydrogenase activity
Storage -20°C desiccated and protected from light
References Donato MT, et al. (2004). Fluorescence-based assays for screening nine cytochrome P450 (P450) activities in intact cells expressing individual human P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 32, 699-706, Liu J, et al. (2004). The effect of reciprocal active site mutations in human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 on alkoxyresorufin metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 424, 33-43, Chougnet A, et al. (2003). Design and synthesis of a new fluorescent probe for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13, 3643-5, Dunn AR, et al. (2002). Fluorescent probes for cytochrome P450 structural characterization and inhibitor screening. J Am Chem Soc 124, 10254-5, Nakamura K, et al. (2001). Coumarin substrates for cytochrome P450 2D6 fluorescence assays. Anal Biochem 292, 280-6, Thapliyal R and Maru GB (2001). Inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes by curcumins in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 39, 541-7, Roser R and Thomas H (2000). A direct, highly sensitive fluorimetric assay for a microsomal cytochrome P450-mediated O-demethylation using a novel coumarin analog as substrate. Z Naturforsch [C] 55, 915-22, Kobayashi Y, et al. (1998). Probing the active site of cytochrome P450 2B1: metabolism of 7-alkoxycoumarins by the wild type and five site-directed mutants. Biochemistry 37, 6679-88.
Cinchonine|118-10-5 | THROMBIN | 581-64-6
Cinchonine 118-10-5 MFCD00064372
Cinchonine is an alkaloid with molecular formula C19H22N2O used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. It is a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonidine.
Formula: C19H22N2O
Molecular weight: 294.3908
THROMBIN 581-64-6 MFCD00082072
Prepared from homogeneous human prothrombin by activation with Factor Xa, Factor Va, and phospholipid. Human Thrombin purity is determined by SDS-PAGE. This activated enzyme has a minimum activity of 2,700 NIH units/mg when compared to NIH standard thrombin.
Thrombin is produced by the enzymatic cleavage of two sites on prothrombin by activated Factor X (Xa). The activity of factor Xa is greatly enhanced by binding to activated Factor V (Va), termed the prothrombinase complex. Prothrombin is produced in the liver and is post-translationally modified in a vitamin K-dependent reaction that converts ten glutamic acids on prothrombin to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). In the presence of calcium, the Gla residues promote the binding of prothrombin to phospholipid bilayers (see the picture). Deficiency of vitamin K or administration of the anticoagulant warfarin inhibits the production of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, slowing the activation of the coagulation cascade.
In human adults, the normal blood level of antithrombin activity has been measured to be around 1.1 units/mL. Newborn levels of thrombin steadily increase after birth to reach normal adult levels, from a level of around 0.5 units/mL 1 day after birth, to a level of around 0.9 units/mL after 6 months of life.
Research toolDue to its high proteolytic specificity, thrombin is a valuable biochemical tool. The thrombin cleavage site (Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Gly-Ser) is commonly included in linker regions of recombinant fusion protein constructs. Following purification of the fusion protein, thrombin can be used to selectively cleave between the Arginine and Glycine residues of the cleavage site, effectively removing the purification tag from the protein of interest with a high degree of specificity.
Medicine and surgeryProthrombin complex concentrate and fresh frozen plasma are prothrombin-rich coagulation factor preparations that can be used to correct deficiencies (usually due to medication) of prothrombin. Indications include intractable bleeding due to warfarin.
Manipulation of prothrombin is central to the mode of action of most anticoagulants. Warfarin and related drugs inhibit vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of several coagulation factors, including prothrombin. Heparin increases the affinity of antithrombin to thrombin (as well as factor Xa). The direct thrombin inhibitors, a newer class of medication, directly inhibit thrombin by binding to its active site.
Recombinant thrombin is available as a powder for reconstitution into aqueous solution. It can be applied topically during surgery, as an aid to hemostasis. It can be useful for controlling minor bleeding from capillaries and small venules, but ineffective and not indicated for massive or brisk arterial bleeding.It is marketed by ZymoGenetics in the US under the trade name Recothrom.
Food productionThrombin is sold under the brand name Fibrimex for use as a binding agent for meat. The thrombin in Fibrimex derives from pigs or bovine blood. According to the manufacturer it can be used to produce new kinds of mixed meats (for example combining beef and fish seamlessly). The manufacturer also states that it can be used to combine whole muscle meat, form and portion these thus cutting down on production costs without a loss in quality.
General secretary Jan Bertoft of Sveriges Konsumenter (The Consumer Coalition of Sweden) has stated that "there is danger of misleading the consumers since there is no way to tell this reconstituted meat from real meat"
Cinchonine is an alkaloid with molecular formula C19H22N2O used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. It is a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonidine.
Formula: C19H22N2O
Molecular weight: 294.3908
THROMBIN 581-64-6 MFCD00082072
Prepared from homogeneous human prothrombin by activation with Factor Xa, Factor Va, and phospholipid. Human Thrombin purity is determined by SDS-PAGE. This activated enzyme has a minimum activity of 2,700 NIH units/mg when compared to NIH standard thrombin.
Thrombin is produced by the enzymatic cleavage of two sites on prothrombin by activated Factor X (Xa). The activity of factor Xa is greatly enhanced by binding to activated Factor V (Va), termed the prothrombinase complex. Prothrombin is produced in the liver and is post-translationally modified in a vitamin K-dependent reaction that converts ten glutamic acids on prothrombin to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). In the presence of calcium, the Gla residues promote the binding of prothrombin to phospholipid bilayers (see the picture). Deficiency of vitamin K or administration of the anticoagulant warfarin inhibits the production of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, slowing the activation of the coagulation cascade.
In human adults, the normal blood level of antithrombin activity has been measured to be around 1.1 units/mL. Newborn levels of thrombin steadily increase after birth to reach normal adult levels, from a level of around 0.5 units/mL 1 day after birth, to a level of around 0.9 units/mL after 6 months of life.
Research toolDue to its high proteolytic specificity, thrombin is a valuable biochemical tool. The thrombin cleavage site (Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Gly-Ser) is commonly included in linker regions of recombinant fusion protein constructs. Following purification of the fusion protein, thrombin can be used to selectively cleave between the Arginine and Glycine residues of the cleavage site, effectively removing the purification tag from the protein of interest with a high degree of specificity.
Medicine and surgeryProthrombin complex concentrate and fresh frozen plasma are prothrombin-rich coagulation factor preparations that can be used to correct deficiencies (usually due to medication) of prothrombin. Indications include intractable bleeding due to warfarin.
Manipulation of prothrombin is central to the mode of action of most anticoagulants. Warfarin and related drugs inhibit vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of several coagulation factors, including prothrombin. Heparin increases the affinity of antithrombin to thrombin (as well as factor Xa). The direct thrombin inhibitors, a newer class of medication, directly inhibit thrombin by binding to its active site.
Recombinant thrombin is available as a powder for reconstitution into aqueous solution. It can be applied topically during surgery, as an aid to hemostasis. It can be useful for controlling minor bleeding from capillaries and small venules, but ineffective and not indicated for massive or brisk arterial bleeding.It is marketed by ZymoGenetics in the US under the trade name Recothrom.
Food productionThrombin is sold under the brand name Fibrimex for use as a binding agent for meat. The thrombin in Fibrimex derives from pigs or bovine blood. According to the manufacturer it can be used to produce new kinds of mixed meats (for example combining beef and fish seamlessly). The manufacturer also states that it can be used to combine whole muscle meat, form and portion these thus cutting down on production costs without a loss in quality.
General secretary Jan Bertoft of Sveriges Konsumenter (The Consumer Coalition of Sweden) has stated that "there is danger of misleading the consumers since there is no way to tell this reconstituted meat from real meat"
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